Validation of Molecular Markers Genetically Linked to S-Cytoplasm and Restoration-of-fertility (Rf) Loci in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Existence of CGMS system in hot pepper is due to the rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome and is largely used in economized and pure F 1 hybrid seed production around the world. The orf456, a new ORF present at flanking region of the coxII gene at the 3’ end, was distinguished male sterile cytoplasm in hot peppers along with atp6-2gene. In the current study, eighteen pepper genotypes (nine each of A and corresponding B lines) of varied origin were used to validate with two male sterile cytoplasm (S-cytoplasm) specific sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers viz., atp6-2 (875 bp) and orf456 (456 bp) and one restoration-of-fertility (Rf) locus specific marker, CRF (550 bp). The results clearly showed that the presence of CMS-S-cytoplasm and absence of restoration-of-fertility (Rf) gene in the pepper genotypes studied and is comparable with the phenotypic data. In view of the outcomes it has been reasoned that the accessible S and Rf markers available in the public domain are reproducible and can be promptly utilized for marker assisted selection (MAS) in hot pepper crop improvement program

A Hybrid Machine Learning Model to Recognize and Detect Plant Diseases in Early Stages

This paper presents an improved Inception module to recognise and detect plant illnesses substituting the original convolutions with architecture based on modified-Xception (m-Xception). In addition, ResNet extracts features by prioritising logarithm calculations over softmax calculations to get more consistent classification outcomes. The model’s training utilised a two-stage transfer learning process to produce an effective model. The results of the experiments reveal that the suggested approach is capable of achieving the specified level of performance, with an average recognition fineness of 99.73 on the public dataset and 98.05 on the domestic dataset, respectively

Adenosine deaminase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activities in liver and peritoneal macrophages of streptozotocin induced diabetic mice

Adenosine deaminase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activities in liver and peritoneal macrophages were estimated in control, streptozotocin induced diabetes and insulin treated diabetic groups of Swiss albino mice. Both the enzyme levels were elevated while glycogen content decreased in the liver of diabetic group of animals as compared to controls, while in insulin treated group, they were comparable to control levels. In macrophages also, both adenosine deaminase which plays an important role in their maturation and protein tyrosine phosphatase enzyme involved in their activation were high in diabetic group, whereas in insulin treated diabetic group, the values were comparable to control levels

Assessment of AFLP marker based genetic diversity in chilli. (Capsicum annuum L. & C. baccatum L.)

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a leading spice cum vegetable crop grown commercially in India. Selection of parents is one of the important steps in hybrid breeding programme. The efficiency of hybrid breeding program could be increased if the inbred lines per se could be screened for genetic diversity using molecular markers. The present study was conducted to assess the Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker based diversity for 59 (Three Capsicum baccatum and 56 Capsicum annuum) chilli genotypes during 2009 at University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bangalore. The eight AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 414 amplicons, of which 389 were polymorphic with an average of 48.62 bands. The primer combination, Eco RI + AGC and Mse I + GCT was found to amplify a highest number of 81 scorable bands with 97.53 per cent polymorphic bands. The PIC (polymorphic information content) values ranged from between 0.84 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.93. All Capsicum baccatum species (PBC 1752, PBC 80 and susceptible baccutum) were grouped in cluster I and other 56 chilli genotypes (Capsicum annuum) were grouped in nine different clusters. The variation range of genetic similarity (GS) coefficients in two groups differed only slightly, where the values varied from 0.19 to 0.85 in Taiwan and from 0.24 to 0.90 in Indian genotypes. This may indicate potentially identical diversity in Indian and Taiwan chilli gene pools. Considering the high polymorphism and data frequency revealed by AFLP markers, the technique is recommended for chilli genetic studies and for the identification of chilli genotypes

Assessment of AFLP marker based genetic diversity in chilli <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-US">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Capsicum annuum</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> L. & <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">C. baccatum</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic"> L.) </span></span></span>

49-54Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a leading spice cum vegetable crop grown commercially in India. Selection of parents is one of the important steps in hybrid breeding programme. The efficiency of hybrid breeding programme could be increased if the inbred lines per se could be screened for genetic diversity using molecular markers. The present study was conducted to assess the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker based diversity in 59 (3 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">C. baccatum L. and 56 C. annuum) chilli genotypes during 2009 at University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bangalore. The 8 AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 414 amplicons, of which 389 were polymorphic with an average of 48.62 bands. The primer combination, EcoRI+AGC and MseI+GCT was found to amplify a highest number of 81 scorable bands with 97.53 per cent polymorphic bands. The PIC (polymorphic information content) values ranged from 0.84 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.93. All C. baccatum species (PBC 1752, PBC 80 and susceptible baccutum) were grouped in cluster I and other 56 chilli genotypes (C. annuum) were grouped in nine different clusters. The variation range of genetic similarity (GS) coefficients in two groups differed only slightly, where the values varied from 0.19 to 0.85 in Taiwan and from 0.24 to 0.90 in Indian genotypes. This indicates potentially identical diversity in Indian and Taiwan chilli gene pools. Considering the high polymorphism and data frequency revealed by AFLP markers, the technique is recommended for chilli genetic studies and for the identification of chilli genotypes. </span

A rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone and their six related compounds in film‐coated tablets

Rationale A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated to determine levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone, and corresponding six related substances - levodopa impurity B, levodopa impurity C, methyldopa, methylcarbidopa, entacapone impurity C, and entacapone impurity A - in film-coated tablets for the first time

[Yb(OTf)<SUB>3</SUB>] catalysed facile conversion of ketoximes to amides and lactams

A variety of ketoximes undergo the Beckmann rearrangement upon treatment with a catalytic amount of [Yb(OTf)3] in refluxing acetonitrile to afford the corresponding amides and lactams in excellent yields with high selectivity

Recent progress on Fe-based nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, characterization and environmental applications

Fe-based nanoparticles act as new generation environmental remediation technologies, and provide cost-effective solutions to the most demanding environmental cleanup problems. Because of substantial surface area and elevated surface reactivity, Fe-based nanoparticles provide immense flexibility for in-situ applications. In recent years, zerovalent nano iron (ZVNI) and other surface modified ZVNI particles have promised the effective transformation of a wide range of common environmental toxins including chlorinated compounds, organochlorine pesticides, pharmaceuticals, polychlorinated biphenyls and other organic compounds. Surface modification of iron nanoparticles further enhances the speed and efficiency of remediation. This review encapsulated the recent reports in the remediation of environmental pollutants using various Fe-based nanoparticles. The preparation methods, characteristic properties and latest environmental applications of various Fe-based nanoparticles have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the risk assessment of different Fe-based nanoparticles and concluding remarks were described in detail followed by future perspectives to improve the efficiency of Fe-based nanoparticles towards environmental sustainability

Farmer’s Participatory Research Three Decades of Operational Research Project on Dryland Agriculture(1984-2014)

Not AvailableThe Operational Research Project functions under All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture with the main objective of testing the feasibility in adoption of developed technologies on dryland agriculture on farmers’ participatory approach in integrated watershed areas. One such Operational research project has been implemented since 1984 under AICRPDA, with the following objectives upto 1993 in Yerracheruvu model watershed, covering Kandukuru and Krishnamreddipalli villages, Anantapur district.Not Availabl